在网络开发中，我们经常会遇到需要在两个单独的速率限制端点之间进行同步请求的情况。这时，我们需要找到一种方法来确保请求在合适的时间内发送，并且在达到速率限制时进行等待。在这篇文章中，php小编苹果将会介绍一种解决方案，帮助您实现这种同步请求的功能，确保数据的准确性和稳定性。让我们来看看这个解决方案的具体实现吧！

问题内容

我正在使用一些第三方 api，每个 api 都有自己的速率限制。端点1的速率限制为10/s，端点2的速率限制为20/s。

我需要通过端点 1 处理数据，该端点将返回一个对象数组（2-3000 个对象之间）。然后，我需要获取每个对象并将一些数据发送到第二个端点，同时遵守第二个端点的速率限制。

我计划在 go 例程中一次批量发送 10 个请求，确保如果所有 10 个请求都在

最终，我希望能够限制每个端点一次发出的并发响应数量。特别是如果我必须针对由于服务器 500 多个响应等原因导致的失败请求进行重试。

出于问题的目的，我使用 httpbin 请求来模拟以下场景：

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

type HttpBinGetRequest struct {
    url string
}

type HttpBinGetResponse struct {
    Uuid       string `json:"uuid"`
    StatusCode int
}

type HttpBinPostRequest struct {
    url  string
    uuid string // Item to post to API
}

type HttpBinPostResponse struct {
    Data       string `json:"data"`
    StatusCode int
}

func main() {

    // Prepare GET requests for 500 requests
    var requests []*HttpBinGetRequest
    for i := 0; i < 500; i++ {
        uri := "https://httpbin.org/uuid"
        request := &HttpBinGetRequest{
            url: uri,
        }
        requests = append(requests, request)
    }

    // Create semaphore and rate limit for the GET endpoint
    getSemaphore := make(chan struct{}, 10)
    getRate := make(chan struct{}, 10)
    for i := 0; i < cap(getRate); i++ {
        getRate <- struct{}{}
    }

    go func() {
        // ticker corresponding to 1/10th of a second
        ticker := time.NewTicker(100 * time.Millisecond)
        defer ticker.Stop()
        for range ticker.C {
            _, ok := <-getRate
            if !ok {
                return
            }
        }
    }()

    // Send our GET requests to obtain a random UUID
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for _, request := range requests {
        wg.Add(1)
        // Go func to make request and receive the response
        go func(r *HttpBinGetRequest) {
            defer wg.Done()

            // Check the rate limiter and block if it is empty
            getRate <- struct{}{}

            // Add a token to the semaphore
            getSemaphore <- struct{}{}

            // Remove token when function is complete
            defer func() {
                <-getSemaphore
            }()
            resp, _ := get(r)
            fmt.Printf("%+vn", resp)
        }(request)
    }
    wg.Wait()

    // I need to add code that obtains the response data from the above for loop
    // then sends the UUID it to its own go routines for a POST request, following a similar pattern above
    // To not violate the rate limit of the second endpoint which is 20 calls per second
    // postSemaphore := make(chan struct{}, 20)
    // postRate := make(chan struct{}, 20)
    // for i := 0; i < cap(postRate); i++ {
    //  postRate <- struct{}{}
    // }
}

func get(hbgr *HttpBinGetRequest) (*HttpBinGetResponse, error) {

    httpResp := &HttpBinGetResponse{}
    client := &http.Client{}
    req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", hbgr.url, nil)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error making request")
        return httpResp, err
    }

    req.Header = http.Header{
        "accept": {"application/json"},
    }

    resp, err := client.Do(req)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        fmt.Println("error getting response")
        return httpResp, err
    }

    // Read Response
    body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error reading response body")
        return httpResp, err
    }
    json.Unmarshal(body, &httpResp)
    httpResp.StatusCode = resp.StatusCode
    return httpResp, nil
}

// Method to post data to httpbin
func post(hbr *HttpBinPostRequest) (*HttpBinPostResponse, error) {

    httpResp := &HttpBinPostResponse{}
    client := &http.Client{}
    req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", hbr.url, bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(hbr.uuid)))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error making request")
        return httpResp, err
    }

    req.Header = http.Header{
        "accept": {"application/json"},
    }

    resp, err := client.Do(req)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error getting response")
        return httpResp, err
    }

    if resp.StatusCode == 429 {
        fmt.Println(resp.Header.Get("Retry-After"))
    }

    // Read Response
    body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error reading response body")
        return httpResp, err
    }
    json.Unmarshal(body, &httpResp)
    httpResp.StatusCode = resp.StatusCode
    fmt.Printf("%+v", httpResp)
    return httpResp, nil
}

解决方法

这是生产者/消费者模式。您可以使用 chan 来连接它们。

关于速率限制器，我会使用包 golang.org/x/time/rate。

既然我们决定使用chan来连接生产者和消费者，那么很自然地将失败的任务发送到同一个chan，以便消费者可以再次尝试。

我已将逻辑封装到 scheduler[t] 类型中。请参阅下面的演示。请注意，该演示是匆忙编写的，仅用于说明想法。尚未经过彻底测试。

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "log"
    "math/rand"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "sort"
    "sync"
    "time"

    "golang.org/x/time/rate"
)

type task[t any] struct {
    param       t
    failedcount int
}

type scheduler[t any] struct {
    name     string
    limit    int
    maxtries int
    wg       sync.waitgroup
    tasks    chan task[t]
    action   func(param t) error
}

// newscheduler creates a scheduler that runs the action with the specified rate limit.
// it will retry the action if the action returns a non-nil error.
func newscheduler[t any](name string, limit, maxtries, chansize int, action func(param t) error) *scheduler[t] {
    return &scheduler[t]{
        name:     name,
        limit:    limit,
        maxtries: maxtries,
        tasks:    make(chan task[t], chansize),
        action:   action,
    }
}

func (s *scheduler[t]) addtask(param t) {
    s.wg.add(1)
    s.tasks <- task[t]{param: param}
}

func (s *scheduler[t]) retrylater(t task[t]) {
    s.wg.add(1)
    s.tasks <- t
}

func (s *scheduler[t]) run() {
    lim := rate.newlimiter(rate.limit(s.limit), 1)
    for t := range s.tasks {
        t := t
        if err := lim.wait(context.background()); err != nil {
            log.fatalf("wait: %s", err)
            return
        }
        go func() {
            defer s.wg.done()
            err := s.action(t.param)
            if err != nil {
                log.printf("task %s, param %v failed: %v", s.name, t.param, err)
                t.failedcount++

                if t.failedcount == s.maxtries {
                    log.printf("task %s, param %v failed with %d tries", s.name, t.param, s.maxtries)
                    return
                }

                s.retrylater(t)
            }
        }()
    }
}

func (s *scheduler[t]) wait() {
    s.wg.wait()
    close(s.tasks)
}

func main() {
    s := &server{}
    ts := httptest.newserver(s)
    defer ts.close()

    schedulerpost := newscheduler("post", 20, 3, 1, func(param string) error {
        return post(fmt.sprintf("%s/%s", ts.url, param))
    })

    go schedulerpost.run()

    schedulerget := newscheduler("get", 10, 3, 1, func(param int) error {
        id, err := get(fmt.sprintf("%s/%d", ts.url, param))
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }

        schedulerpost.addtask(id)
        return nil
    })

    go schedulerget.run()

    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        schedulerget.addtask(i)
    }

    schedulerget.wait()
    schedulerpost.wait()

    s.printstats()
}

func get(url string) (string, error) {
    resp, err := http.get(url)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }
    defer resp.body.close()

    if resp.statuscode != 200 {
        return "", fmt.errorf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.statuscode)
    }

    body, err := io.readall(resp.body)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }

    return string(body), nil
}

func post(url string) error {
    resp, err := http.post(url, "", nil)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer resp.body.close()

    if resp.statuscode != 200 {
        return fmt.errorf("unexpected status code: %d", resp.statuscode)
    }

    return nil
}

type server struct {
    gmu  sync.mutex
    gets []int64

    pmu   sync.mutex
    posts []int64
}

func (s *server) servehttp(w http.responsewriter, r *http.request) {
    log.printf("%s: %s", r.method, r.url.path)

    // collect request stats.
    if r.method == http.methodget {
        s.gmu.lock()
        s.gets = append(s.gets, time.now().unixmilli())
        s.gmu.unlock()
    } else {
        s.pmu.lock()
        s.posts = append(s.posts, time.now().unixmilli())
        s.pmu.unlock()
    }

    n := rand.intn(1000)
    // simulate latency.
    time.sleep(time.duration(n) * time.millisecond)

    // simulate errors.
    if n%10 == 0 {
        w.writeheader(http.statusinternalservererror)
        return
    }

    if r.method == http.methodget {
        fmt.fprintf(w, "%s", r.url.path[1:])
        return
    }
}

func (s *server) printstats() {
    log.printf("gets (total: %d):n", len(s.gets))
    printstats(s.gets)
    log.printf("posts (total: %d):n", len(s.posts))
    printstats(s.posts)
}

func printstats(ts []int64) {
    sort.slice(ts, func(i, j int) bool {
        return ts[i] < ts[j]
    })

    count := 0
    to := ts[0] + 1000
    for i := 0; i < len(ts); i++ {
        if ts[i] < to {
            count++
        } else {
            fmt.printf("  %d: %dn", to, count)
            i-- // push back the current item
            count = 0
            to += 1000
        }
    }
    if count > 0 {
        fmt.printf("  %d: %dn", to, count)
    }
}

输出如下所示：

...
2023/03/25 21:03:30 GETS (total: 112):
  1679749398998: 10
  1679749399998: 10
  1679749400998: 10
  1679749401998: 10
  1679749402998: 10
  1679749403998: 10
  1679749404998: 10
  1679749405998: 10
  1679749406998: 10
  1679749407998: 10
  1679749408998: 10
  1679749409998: 2
2023/03/25 21:03:30 POSTS (total: 111):
  1679749399079: 8
  1679749400079: 8
  1679749401079: 12
  1679749402079: 8
  1679749403079: 10
  1679749404079: 9
  1679749405079: 9
  1679749406079: 8
  1679749407079: 14
  1679749408079: 12
  1679749409079: 9
  1679749410079: 4